The internal consistency of each factor and the general scale was assessed using Cronbach's coefficient. Results are summarized in Table 2. The authors suggest findings provide support for the BDI-II in this population (Al-Musawi, 2001). For example, to measure pessimism (item 2) the response options used range from I am not particularly discouraged about the future (score of 0) to the future is hopeless and things cannot improve (score of 3). One of the pros of the Beck Depression inventory is that It helps and assists in diagnosing depression. Beck Depression Inventory. The present study sought to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican. The funder had no role in the design of the study, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The BDI has also been used with individuals with vicarious traumatization with scores on a Secondary Trauma Scale related to higher levels of depression (Motta, Newman, Lombardo, & Silverman, 2004). Age Range: 17-80 (recommended) Scoring Option: Manual Scoring or Q-global Scoring & Reporting. Chandra Ghosh Ippen, Ph.D., Connie Wong, M.A. The NCTSN is funded by the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and jointly coordinated by UCLA and Duke University. 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it. Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 120-132. Based on previous BDI-II research findings, several competing models were tested including one, two, three-factor models and bifactor models. Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. The test-retest and internal consistency data have been replicated in numerous studies, including adults and adolescents, with similar findings. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. Next, internal structure of the BDI-II was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through AMOS v20 [46]. 0 I am not particularly discouraged about the future. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(4), 393-402. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for depression. All participants agreed to participate voluntarily and provided written consent prior to complete the inventory and after information about purposes of the study were provided. Simith, S.D., Schwartz, R.C., George, R.G., & Panke, D. (2004). The reference for the manual is: Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Therefore, future research should provide additional evidence of BDI-II validity to a more substantial degree. Michael, T., Ehlers, A., & Halligan, S.L. The BDI is not a diagnostic test, but it can help health care providers make a diagnosis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 315-320. Norms were based on a predominantly Caucasian sample. Today, BDI is considered one of the vital . Through principal factor analysis, they identified a single second-order dimension of self-reported depression and three first-order factors. On the other hand, values lower than .06 for the RMSEA are considered optimal and lower than .08 are considered acceptable. For access to the measure(s), please contact the copyright holdershere. The standard cut-offs are as follows: Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. A total score of 0 to 7 points indicates minimal anxiety, 8 to 15 points mild, 16 to 25 points moderate, and 26 to 63 points severe anxiety symptoms. Items receiving low Specificity ratings included item 11 (Agitation), item 19 (Concentration Difficulty), and item 21 (Loss of Interest in Sex). The nine items of the PHQ-9 are based directly on the nine diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the DSM-IV. Citation: Garca-Batista ZE, Guerra-Pea K, Cano-Vindel A, Herrera-Martnez SX, Medrano LA (2018) Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. Studies of adolescent inpatients, generally aged 12-17, report good internal consistency, alpha>.90 for the total scale and >.80 for subscales (Krefetz, Steer, Gulab & Beck, 2002; Kumar et al., 2002; Osman et al., 2004), and validity. Funding: This work was financed by the National Fund for Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development (fondocyt) in the Dominican Republic. Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. The authors claimed that only two of the first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable. [34] tested fifteen competing BDI-II models including unidimensional, multidimensional and bifactor models, and revealed that bifactor models provided the best fit to the data, supporting the view that BDI-II assesses a single latent construct. Some people may underestimate their level of distress, while others may exaggerate their symptoms. Crossref. How the Beck Depression Inventory Is Used, Interpreting the Beck Depression Inventory, Limitations of the Beck Depression Inventory, Where to Take the Beck Depression Inventory, Screening for Depression: How Depression Tests Work, The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), The Use of Self-Report Data in Psychology, Depression Recovery: How to Know You're Making Progress. As such, it would be valuable to test the invariance measurement of the BDI-II factor structure found in this study across different samples in order to examine the robustness of the affective component as a single and differentiated domain of depression. The corrected item-total correlation was also calculated for the items of each factor. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. Sayar, K., Kose, S., Grabe, H.J., & Murat, T. (2005). Beck Depression Inventory (currently in its second edition as BDI-II) is a 21-item, self-rated inventory that evaluates the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. Therefore, findings cannot be generalized and further replication in both representative samples from general population and clinical samples are needed. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). Internal reliability was moderate to high for all subscales and for the total scale. This can involve medical examinations and laboratory tests, as well as psychological assessments like the Beck Depression Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Shankman et al., 2018). Universidad Arturo Michelena, Valencia, Venezuela, Affiliations Addressing this issue may have not only practical implications (i.e., how BDI-II score should be computed and interpreted) but also for conceptualization and assessment of depression. A pilot study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. It was developed by famous American psychiatrist Dr. Aaron T. Beck. The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to examine the latent structure of BDI-II by testing several competing models proposed in the literature; and (b) to provide evidence of validity and reliability of the BDI-II in Republic Dominican. Psychological Assessment, 15, 569-577. Raw scores of 0 to 13 indicates minimal depression, 14 to 19 indicates mild depression, 20 to 28 indicates moderate depression, and 29 to 63 indicates severe depression. In 1996, the BDI was revised to include additional items and to reflect changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measures and assesses the intensity of physical and cognitive anxiety symptoms during the past month. Items are summed to create a total score, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression. Collectively, these results support the use of BDI-II in Republic Dominican for assessing depression severity. The Self-report study based on the symptoms described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) [6], which makes measuring depressive severity possible. There are several other depression screens that are not proprietary and are in the public domain for use. 4. If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. Since the test construction in 1961, the test has been employed in numerous (more than 2,000) empirical studies. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. The majority of psychometric studies conducted with adolescents in the United States have involved predominantly Caucasian samples and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status. Furthermore, since research indicates that depression symptoms response differentially to treatment [57] the use of BDI-II global score alone as a measure to detect changes in response to treatment may obscure the impact of interventions. The validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe depression in medical inpatients. Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. Since its publication, a number of studies have examined the validity and reliability of BDI-II across different populations and countries [8]. With depression, the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for sleep, aggression, sexual behavior, . For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. BDI-IA. Legal Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and Criminological Psychology, 7, 187-201. (2005). The idea of depression as it is supported by cognitive impairment has a specific program in psychotherapy (CBT), which plans to challenge and kill them in ways, for example, by cognitive restructuring. If you have previously been diagnosed with depression, the Beck Depression Inventory can be used on a weekly basis to check on your progress, especially if you have begun therapy and started taking medications. An inventory for measuring depression. Effectiveness of Beck Depression Inventory-II subscales in screening for major depressive disorders in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. (2004). Contreras, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Vaccarino, V.R. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. The revised BDI, known as the BDI-II, is the most widely used version of the questionnaire. Description of Measure: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression (Beck, et al., 1961). Confirmatory factor analyses with adolescent psychiatric inpatients (Osman et al., 2004) identified a 2-factor solution as the most parsimonious and interpretable. The BDI is used to measure the severity of depression. The first revision occurred in 1979, also popularized as BDI-I A, differs from the . Screening for depression in patients with medical hospitalization. No, Is the Subject Area "Primary care" applicable to this article? The procedure used to determine the cut scores may increase the likelihood of false positives or overdiagnoses of depression among clients. Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of "Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder" and "7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety.". Depression InventoryII (BDIII) [5]. www.ub.uib.no/elpub/2001/h/308003/Hovedoppgave.pdf. Mult Scler. Hopefully, this study will help to change this situation. Yeung, A., Howarth, S., Chan, R., Sonawalla, S., Nierenberg, A., & Fava, M. (2002). Silver, S.M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005). Additional evidence of BDI-II in Republic Dominican for assessing depression severity models were tested including one two! General scale was assessed using Cronbach 's coefficient in screening for major depressive in! The first-order factors, Cognitive and Somatic-Affective, were generalizable the internal consistency of each factor and the scale... Colelli, G. ( 2005 ) the severity of depression directly on other... Models were tested including one, two, three-factor models and bifactor models the pros of the factors... Nine items of each factor and the general scale was assessed using Cronbach 's.! That are not proprietary and are in the public domain for use 1961! Replicated in numerous ( more than 2,000 ) empirical studies, & Brown, G.K. ( 1996 ) findings... 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