Elizabeth of York, who married John De la Pole was George's sister - making Margaret Pole, Elizabeth's aunt. Thomas came from wealthy families, from trade (his father was a wealthy baker) and the law. I am no traitor, no, not I! It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. It was time to be rid of Warwick. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 Her heads. Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. Lewis, Jone Johnson. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. He handled his responsibilities with his usual skill, but it was a balancing act, and an increasingly dangerous one. Both men were enthusiastic Humanist scholars, but they parted ways with regard to the kings prerogative. Geoffrey Pole, who had given the government what it needed, was pardoned. Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. Nor make one step, as you shall see; When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. (2020, August 26). Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me! He married Anne Cheney, daughter of Nicholas Cheney. Mores letters indicate that he was not particularly keen to enter royal service. ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. The Editor It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. Afterwards, he made a botched suicide attempt. There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. It gave the king pause, and More was allowed to return home. In 1536, Pole sent Henry a treatise which not only opposed Henrys grounds for divorce that he had married his brothers wife and thus the marriage was invalid but also opposing Henrys more recent assertion of Royal Supremacy, power in the church in England above that of Rome. Calculate relationship; Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1) Relationship with Thomas Chaworth (spouse) More . This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? The Execution of a Duke. . Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. In 1512, an Act of Parliament restored to Margaret the Earldom of Salisbury and some of her brother's land which had belonged to it, for which she paid 5000 marks (2666.13s.4d), equivalent to 2,164,602 in 2021. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. Or was there, as she claimed, nothing worth burning? It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. Read anywhere with the London Review of Books app, available now from the App Store for Apple devices, Google Play for Android devices and Amazon for your Kindle Fire. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. Cecilys parents and Richards grandparents were Ralph Neville and, Siblings: 2 who died in infancy and a brother, Edward Plantagenet (February 25, 1475 - November 28, 1499), never married, imprisoned in the Tower of London, impersonated by Lambert Simnel, executed under Henry VII, Husband: Sir Richard Pole (married 1491-1494, perhaps on September 22, 1494; supporter ofHenry VII). Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. Mores connection to Morton had earlier secured him admittance to Oxford, where he studied for two years, mastering Greek and Latin with an instinct of genius, and studying a wide variety of subjects, including music. In 1535, Englands ambassador began suggesting that Reginald Pole marry Henrys daughter Mary. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. 3.67. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. The popular image is of a man principled, steadfast, courageous who placed his own conscience above his kings demands. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. England became an embattled nation. letters@lrb.co.uk In: Ghosts and Hauntings. There have been rumors of an alleged relationship with Lady Margaret (see the White Queen series, for example). In 1509, when Henry VIII came to the throne after his fathers death, he married his brothers widow, Catherine of Aragon. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. She served later as a governess to Mary. Reginald Pole supported Henry VIII in 1529 trying to win support among theologians in Paris for Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon. First I went on the Internet to find some ways of measuring wind speed. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. Both Sir Thomas More and Margaret Pole were devout Catholics, dedicated to their faith and their country. Wolsey, for all his brilliance and cunning, could not compete with that influence. She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. Her father, Duke of Clarence and brother to Edward IV, switched sides several times during that long family battle over the crown of England. It was Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter, who claimed to be brittle and fragile; one of the most persistent of the aristocratic plotters against Henry, she was in trouble in 1533 for her contacts with Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, whose florid line in prophecy was discomfiting to the regime. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. This discovery resulted in removal of Mores books and writing materials. After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. The accounts differ slightly; Marillac's report, dispatched two days afterwards, recorded that the execution took place in a corner of the Tower with so few people present that, in the evening, news of her execution was doubted. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. He collected books and rare objects, but he gave away his possessions freely as well. Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, once Chancellor of England and a close royal friend, had both . Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. The charge was treason. She was born on the 14th August 1473 and married Sir Richard Pole in 1491, having five children before she was widowed in 1505. She had a small estate of land, inherited from her husband, but no other income and no prospects. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) More also engaged in a public war of words on the kings behalf with Martin Luther, the father of the Reformation. Henry and his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry the kings daughter Mary, and unite her claim with his. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. (Along with Margaret her sister-in-law Eleanor Pole was also a lady-in-waiting to Katherine. In the end, he could not be persuaded. Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. If he had trusted her once, he no longer did so. Soon he was acting as Henrys personal secretary and adviser, delivering official speeches, greeting foreign envoys, drafting treaties and other public documents, and composing the kings responses to Wolseys dispatches. And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Henry wrote to Margaret, who in turn wrote to her son, reproving him for his "folly". One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. He had long felt a calling to the priesthood. A tradition has grown up that George was drowned in a vat a malmsey, an expensive sweet wine. Pierces book is thorough and scholarly, and her work is acknowledged in Higginbothams biography, which is less detailed, but serious and judicious. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. Her early years are obscure. Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. Elizabeth Throckmorton. Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. The boy, born in 1519, was welcome proof to Henry that he could father a son and that his lack of an heir was entirely Katharines fault. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. Susan Higginbotham. In this first biography of a significant female figure in the male-dominated world of British Tudor politics, Hazel Pierce reconsiders the life and martyrdom of Catholic duchess Margaret Pole against the changing social and political landscape of her times. Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. More importantly, he developed a personal relationship with Henry VIII, and because known as the kings intellectual courtier. On his accession he granted her an annuity of 100 a year and on 14 Oct 1513 he created her Countess of Salisbury and gave her the family lands of the earldom of Salisbury. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. Managed all schedules for company and . Although a jury of twelve men would have . The Editor Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16 th century to hold a peerage in her own right. And her gender did not necessarily disqualify her from becoming leader of the opposition if that was what she chose. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. The supposed discovery, six months after her house and effects were searched at her arrest, is likely to have been a fabrication. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. This is what Margaret is now, besides paper and ink, and the ruins of her palaces: pieces of breastbone and pelvis, a single finger bone and four vertebrae. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. Margaret was not executed with her eldest son, but was held in the Tower for the last years of her life the king paying her bills, outfitting her as became a great lady in furred petticoats and a satin nightgown. They were charged with treason. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. He was first appointed a Privy Councilor and accompanied Wolsey to an important diplomatic mission to Europe. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. He had been shut up for most of his life and, one later chronicler said, could not discern a goose from a capon. Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. It was delivered in manuscript form, but at any time it could be printed and circulated through Europe. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. In 1539 Henry VIII allowed (or ordered) Thomas Cromwell to throw Lady Salisbury into the . There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. Henry still hoped for Mores support. What a contemporary described as her nobility and goodness soon put her back in royal favour. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. The sitter might as well be carved, for all she suggests flesh or circulating blood. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. She spent much of her time at Warblington, where she was nicely placed, in the event of an invasion, to help the rebels against Henry; or so you thought, if you were one of Henrys councillors. Learning you may well have, his brother Montagu wrote to him, but doubtless no prudence nor pity. Reginald had compared himself to a surgeon ready to cut away diseased flesh from the body of England: not the most tactful metaphor, when your anointed king is dragging about with an ulcerated leg. He returned to Padua in 1532 and received a last English benefice in December of that same year. This was not due to any dislike of the king. It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. Joan, wife of Roger Swillington. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. He later studied at . No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. But not before Lina imparted . Reginald was the most interesting and talented of Margarets children, and the one to whom she was not close. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. In 1512, Parliament, with Henrys assent, restored to her some of the lands that had been held by Henry VII for her brother while he was imprisoned, and then had been confiscated when he was executed. But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. It was a small mercy. 3. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. When Reginald was seven, and Margaret a widow with an uncertain future, she sent him to be educated at Sheen with the monks of the Charterhouse. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. [2] As one of the few members of the House of Plantagenet to have survived the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, the second monarch of the House of Tudor, who was the son of her first cousin, Elizabeth of York. From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . His crusade against his native land was never launched, but many years later he would return, Archbishop of Canterbury to Mary Tudor, and join in heresy-hunting and the burning of reformers. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. He would arrive unbidden, to either eat with the family or walk in the garden with More, his arm slung casually about Mores shoulders. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. He was a brilliant scholar of the Renaissance who died rather than betray the Catholic church. 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