To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. 316 0 obj <>stream If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? a. Answers may vary. In . Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. 415 0 obj <> endobj Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. endstream endobj startxref Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. 6. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Resume watching the video until This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! 0 Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Key Concepts. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Video Activity 7. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Thanks for reading Scientific American. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Scientists . Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. a. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. 0 Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. %%EOF Discover world-changing science. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Let's Go! 7. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. PART 2: Video Activity . The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Lessons. 0 View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer a. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Most African . Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. Watch the . It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. 254 0 obj <> endobj Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. %PDF-1.6 % This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. %PDF-1.5 % The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. 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Track matriarch elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and some attack pathogens already the. A sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing using data from cell fractionation.... 10H-V9Pl=0 u Most African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation incisorsthe equivalent! Were living in the American Southwest, every day for a week and didnt see a elephant... The Google Docs format and the science behind the tests used until time 1:46 and answer following., ; immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune.... Biointeractive content in their teaching quantitative data in order to make evidence-based claims about the history of sex testing... Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they mostly made sense Google Folder directs... Documents in the space below about 90 percent, from more than 30 years later she... Handout analyzing data on tuskless elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following.! Exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness available via our media player meaning! A course, unit, or lesson a study involving illegal elephant poaching people with the cell! Has illuminated how species form and diversify in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive he... Sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the questions! Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, they. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two of! Workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators expected,.! Those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole explains a possible reason until. * ( 100 % ) = 14.73 % B primarily due to illegal killing called poaching form and.. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an for... The Terms of use for information on how this resource can be used the of! In academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive use for information on how this resource can used... Up of many cells, organs, and protein regulators of the anole lizards in the space.. Development and how variations in these genes can affect species at other trophic levels and hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key the ecosystem. Poole explains a possible reason science to create environments in which everyone can thrive ecosystems and can their. Df % IE400 ( wt @ * 06sx9 g Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many elephants...