hZrr+js# Pesquisa de informao mdica. Infestation may occur in the viscera, where immature forms develop in the liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, or in the nasopharyngeal area. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed . Austria Emerg Inf Dis 17(5):870, Lazo R, Hidalgo E, Lazo J, Bermeo A et al (1999) Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. Parasitology, 86: 59-83. (Banaja, 1983; Drabick, 1987; Shakerian, et al., 2008), After being ingested by an herbivorous intermediate host from an aqueous environment, eggs hatch into their first larval stage, looking superficially like a mite. Haugerud, R. 1989. Characterization of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. Acta Med Ital Mal Infett Parassit 6:6769, Ragab HA, Samuel S (1955) Human infection with linguatula in egypt; first case recorded. In this paper, we explore the case of a Lebanese patient presenting with clinical symptoms of Halzoun syndrome, and discuss the diagnostic and curative aspects of the disease with a review of the literature. Linguatula serrata, also called the dog tongue worm, is not a helminth (i.e. Reg Stud Rep 16:100288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, Article Pentastomid females usually mate only once during their lifetime, but eggs develop inside females, who have already stored sperm in the spermathecae. require an intermediate host (herbivorous), while the adult worms inhabit the respiratory tract of wild and domestic carnivores. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 11:149157. Lagomorphs are one of the many natural intermediate hosts for the pentastomid, Linguatula serrata (James and Harwood, 1969; Soulsby, 1968). ISSN 15432165, Seventh Ed, Philadelphia: W.B. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the View data is from . (Lazo, et al., 1999), Adult Linguatula serrata uses papillae on its annuli to sense its environment. [The prevalence of Linguatula serrata (Frhlich, 1789) nymphs in sheep in the Van province]. All species infecting humans are currently classified as Porocephalida; the species L. serrata and Armillifer armillatus are responsible for most human cases of infection. Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018 Dec;64(12):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Schmutzhard E and Helbok R (2014). Larvae are primarily non-feeding, encysting in a variety of host tissues. Trk Parazitol Derg 35(1):47. living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Siavoshi M, Asmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. uuid:d086885c-dd60-41fd-be47-b0934fd3ce84 She had no history of bites or other infestations, and neither she nor any of her animals had been abroad. Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria. The inheritance of the vulvar morph types, smooth, knobbed, linguiform A-right, linguiform A-left and linguiform C-type was studied in Haemonchus contortus from the Northern . Cluster analyses resulted in homologous consensus trees independent of the evolutionary model used (Figure 2). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 39(5):808812, Roy D, Ganguly S (1940) Linguatulid infection in man. eBook, Sadjjadi S, Ardehali S, Shojaei A (1998) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human pharynx from Shiraz, Southern Iran. The first three abdominal annuli have three pairs of sensory papillae. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 9 (6): 1087-1095. The intermediate hosts of these parasites are usually sheep, cattle, or rodents. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Cluster analysis was performed by using the PHYLIP 3.63 package (www.phylip.com), with neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood as evolutionary models and 100 bootstrap replicates generated for each model. 1987. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000320, Vakili S, Abbasi AIM, Movafaghi S, Fereidooni F, Daryani N (2012) Report of a case with small bowel obstruction by a rare parasite (Pentastomiasis). doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111. Rectangular cladogram based on 18S rRNA gene sequences of 6 pentastomid species. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33:187189. an animal which directly causes disease in humans. PubMed Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes). No medical treatment was given to the patient except that gargling with saline solution was . Tehran Univ Med J 55:2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy IM, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. It had curved hooks with sharp tips on the anterior ventral side (Figure 1, panel A), a red primordial uterus stretching from the anterior to the posterior end, a median ventral genital porus, and a terminal anus (Figure 1, panel B). endstream endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 52 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj <> endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 35 0 obj <>stream Tavassoli, M., H. Tajic, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, F. Hairiri. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan species and both larval and nymphal stages have been recorded from humans in Africa, Europe, and the Americas . Dogs are the typical final hosts of L. serrata tongue worms, and children generally tend to have carefree contact with pet animals. It causes pentastomiasis and respiratory tract disorder in reptiles or carnivores and herbivorous mammals and rarely human. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Acrobat Distiller 8.2.5 (Windows) It is thought that physicians should consider L. serrata infestation in patients applying to health foundations with complaints such as pharyngitis accompanied by pharyngeal pain, coughing, sneezing and vomiting as well as gargling with saline solution. It behaves very much like a worm. Similarly, the chief definitive hosts of L. serrata are dogs existing in urban areas, also leaving natural ecosystems relatively unaffected. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. A prevalence of 38.57% and 35.67% was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State. Nasopharynx was the most frequently involved organ in human cases. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Bookshelf The usual final host for Linguatula serrata is a carnivore, like a dog or jackal, and the species is sometimes known as the dog tongueworm for this reason.. More generally, linguatulosis can be considered a form of "pentastomiasis", which refers to all diseases caused by pentastomids, including porocephaliasis. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. (Drabick, 1987), Although sexually dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan species and both larval and nymphal stages have been recorded from humans in Africa, Europe, and the Americas [13]. (Drabick, 1987; Riley, 1983; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Females can lay up to one million eggs in the definitive host per year. (Hami, et al., 2009; Haugerud, 1989; Riley, 1983), Larvae can survive for up to two years encysted before they calcify and die in the intermediate host. Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human. This study was financially supported by the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (Grant No: 6602). While many pentastomid males die directly after mating, Linguatula serrata males may live for a period of time after mating. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016. This generalist approach helps the parasite evade a host defense. J Parasitol Res 2014:916120. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/916120, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P, Scattone A, Sollitto F (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. The data and materials used in the study are available upon request from the corresponding author. PubMed Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted We hope that our data will be an impetus for a comprehensive phylogenetic study of this group of parasites. Emerg Infect Dis. The intermediate host ingests the eggs off aquatic or wet vegetation in the external environment. A position as the sister group of branchiurian crustaceans (Maxillopoda) is supported by molecular data and sperm morphology (911) and is widely accepted today; however, sound evidence also exists for other classifications (12). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63:854858. (Ethical Code: IR.Arakmu.rec.1397.58). American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 33 (1): 187-189. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021 Mar;45(1):50-58. doi: 10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8. This is where similarly sized females and males mate, though pentastomid males are generally smaller than pentastomid females. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. The reason for the presentation of this case is that Linguatula serrata, a parasite rarely encountered in humans, was found in a patient in Van province. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W . Iran Adv Biomed Res 1:42. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.100142, Article International Journal for Parasitology7: 481-487. We describe a case of ocular linguatulosis in central Europe and provide molecular data on L. serrata tongue worms. Final visual acuity was 1.0 Snellen. Eggs survive well in aqueous environments, such as water or wet vegetation, where they are ingested. Hamid T, Hossein YD, Bahadoran-Bagh-Badorani Mehran FS, Masood EH (2012) A case report of Linguatula serrata infestation from rural area of Isfahan City. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic profiles of Linguatula serrata infection in sheep and goats and its public health importance during 2015-2018. and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Search in feature The larvae develop to their adult stage in the nasopharynx of the carnivorous mammals and mate. A 14-year-old girl was referred to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination. Tehran Uni Med J TUMS Publ 55(3):2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy I, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. Thelazia callipaeda, Dirofilaria repens and Linguatula serrata - all three of them zoonoses - have been reported to the APHA and the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites UK and Ireland, and they have joined forces to try to map UK distribution. Parasitology Research - 78.46.123.161. If swallowed by the definitive host, the eggs are passed through the feces to the external environment. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Author affiliations: Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (M. Koehsler, J. Walochnik, M. Georgopoulos, C. Pruente, H. Auer, T. Barisani-Asenbauer), University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany (W. Boeckeler). Parassitologia 43:105108, Parenzan P, Chieffi G (1951) First clinical case of human infestation from Linguatula serrata in Italy. A Case of Pentastomiasis at the Left Maxilla Bone in a Patient with Thyroid Cancer. Govaresh 17(1):5559, Yagi H, El Bahari S, Mohamed HA et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. Table of Contents Volume 17, Number 5May 2011. rpt4 Although the distribution of this pentastomid is almost global, it is predominantly prevalent in warm subtropical and temperate regions. Med J Islamic Rep Iran (MJIRI) 12(2):193194. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Linguatula Serrata is a parasitic worm that lives in the nose and sinuses of cats, dog, reptiles, birds and humans. The maximum cases (n=25) were from Sudan. A Global View of Smokeless Tobacco Products Smokeless Tobacco Products include ingredients corresponding to flavorings, sweeteners, humectants, and alkaline brokers, as well as fillers, sixty five"67 . Figure 2. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in stray dogs of Shahrekord, Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60(3):405409, Maleky F (2001) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran. 3113). It is uncommon in the UK and USA, but has a prevalence of over 40% in some Middle Eastern countries. "Linguatula serrata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! Many refer to these larvae as "nymphs," although they actually are a nauplius. Figure 1. a period of time when growth or development is suspended in insects and other invertebrates, it can usually only be ended the appropriate environmental stimulus. oS$GGGwQD!Q=xC}}/?^nxOVOH @*Yxu v}c2'K_=6=xg@k=,Jq],_oa^.?Y8M"op]WM~KVYT J?UX;W,bZUS6WJ3XQ}gvxM dp_O\sEzOLU{3&W wonYZ>IXU dwKVjz`"b{~6LnqwlWPs&SUUK3k[\XP k5XmpOf0ai6LZ/Xq/v[3CbFE36XyusYv k2W4Nni RgJ1Mi),,wX1!Y.!w=l8KI=zl8%YNOJUlZ>O! Emerging Infectious Diseases 17 (5), 870-872 PubMed. Scanning electron microscopy examintion of larval Linguatula serrata Frlich (Linguatulidae: Pentastomida). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M (2019) Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: a systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 19(6):442443, Schacher JF, Saab S, Germanos R, Boustany N (1969) The aetiology of halzoun in Lebanon: recovery of Linguatula serrata nymphs from two patients. TWO CASES OF HUMAN INFESTATION BY LARVAE OFLINGUATULA SERRATA BY W. ST. C. SYMMERS AND K. VALTERIS From the Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION APRIL 25, 1950) Human infestation by Linguatula serrata, one of the family of linguatulids or so-called tongue-worms, is uncommon; the recorded cases appear . Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S et al (2020) Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. There is no known positive importance for this species. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999), This parasite uses domesticated and wild herbivores as intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, camels, and many other small ruminants. The parasite was examined in the Parasitology Laboratory and it was observed that this parasite was the nymph of L. serrata whose mouth was surrounded with four hooks and had approximately 90 body segments with small hooks. 2011-04-20T11:09:33-04:00 During this stage, the parasite has a stylet to tunnel through gut walls, along with appendages for further propulsion. A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. (Gardiner, et al., 1984; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), As an adult, Linguatula serrata lives in the nasal airways or frontal sinuses of dogs, wolves, foxes, felines or other carnivorous mammals. The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids. Linguatula serrata is known as a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite whose adult form inhabits the upper respiratory system, nasal airways and frontal sinuses of dogs, foxes, cats and other carnivores, which are recognized as its final hosts. Fragments were combined to a consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor (www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc), and deposited in GenBank (accession no. Her nose and throat were examined carefully for additional parasites. PubMed In other words, India and southeast Asia. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This study indicates that rearrangements in the current classification scheme of the Pentastomida might be necessary. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay thousands or millions of eggs per year. Parasite Epidemiol Control 7:e00111. We take your privacy seriously. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. In carnivores, including dogs, it usually parasitises the nasal cavity and sinuses, causing upper respiratory signs. Correspondence to Taxon Information A molecular biological approach to the phylogenetic position of the genus. Iran J Med Sci 27(4):191192, Sulyok M, Rzsa L, Bod I et al (2014) Ocular pentastomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. Surgical removal of the parasite was complicated because of high mobility of the parasite inside the anterior chamber. You can review and change the way we collect information below. In other words, Central and South America. Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: Case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7):e3041. Living nymphs were expelled.This is the first human case reported from Greece so far. Gardiner, C., J. Dyke, S. Shirley. Riley, J. Artigos. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Lengths range from a few millimeters to 15 centimeters (cm). The .gov means its official. dogs, and livestocks slaughterhouse offal or the carcasses of infected herbivores, and a careful control and treatment strategy to prevent it in such as goats, sheep, and cattle; this facilitates the spread of intermediate . When humans ingest eggs from vegetation in the external environment, the parasite develops in the infected person as an intermediate host. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y. Saumya Pal S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al (2011) An unusual intraocular tongue worm in anterior chamber: a case report. 'ta. volume45,pages 5058 (2021)Cite this article. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. Ocular manifestation is extremely rare. Part of Springer Nature. The infestation may lead to acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal . 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. The new PMC design is here! TabaTabaVakili S, Abbasi A, Mobedi I et al (2012) Report of a case with small bowel obstruction by a rare parasite (Pentastomiasis). Infections with L. serrata tongue worms are rare in Europe. In the case reported here, no eye injury was noted. Parassitologia 43(3):105108, Ravindran R, Lakshmanan B, Ravishankar C, Subramanian H (2008) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata in domestic ruminants in South India. 8(3): 175178. Humans are intermediate incidental hosts and dead end for the parasite. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. After a series of molts in these cysts, the third stage larvae lose the leg-like appendages and can travel in between the abdominal cavity and the abdominal wall. Researchers think eggs were passed into the eye by contact with one of the dogs, which is often a final host for the parasite. The clinical picture of the case was very puzzling and the attack lasted for 15 days. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0508, Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. They are always parasitic or paratenic, causing zoonotic disease in definitive hosts or remaining asymptomatic as larvae in the paratenic host. Tavassoli M, Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet Parasitol. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. After multiple instar stages, adult L. serrata have unaligned pores or stigmata along their bodies. She was admitted to the Outpatient Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Erci Government Hospital with a complaint of coughing a few worms about 4 cm long from the oral cavity, and also sore throat, partial voice loss and vomiting. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. "". Both adults and larvae are dorso-ventrally flattened. Accessibility Accessed March 01, 2023 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Linguatula_serrata/. Cats, dogs, foxes, and other carnivores are normal hosts of this parasite. Pal S S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al . Austria Emerg Infect Dis 17:870872. Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. Reports on wild canids as definitive hosts of this parasite are scarce. Hajipour N, Tavassoli M (2019) Prevalence and associated risk factors of Linguatula serrata infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Iran and other countries: a systematic review. PScript5.dll Version 5.2 1984. RG, SS, MZ, MMS, YM, MKH and BE contributed to the conceptualization of the final review question, formulation of the review objectives, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. Humans can also serve as accidental intermediate hosts, when ingesting the eggs (visceral infection) (3). The PMC legacy view will also be available for a limited time. either directly causes, or indirectly transmits, a disease to a domestic animal, uses smells or other chemicals to communicate. Heartland Virus Disease in the Mid-Atlantic Region, Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W, Auer H, et al.