Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. Important Black Women in American History, 27 Black American Women Writers You Should Know, 6 Revealing Autobiographies by African American Thinkers, African-American History and Women Timeline (1930-1939), The African American Press Timeline: 1827 to 1895, African-American Men and Women of the Progressive Era, Robert Sengstacke Abbott: Publisher of "The Chicago Defender", The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Born a slave in 1862 she managed to gain a college education and pursued her love of journalism. At Newman, Ga., of the present year, the mob tried every conceivable torture to compel the victim to cry out and confess, before they set fire to the faggots that burned him. Wells, Ida B.. "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. . Wells traveled through Great Britain in the summer of 1893 to promote the activities of her anti-lynching campaign, white leaders in Memphis, Tennessee, inundated England with dispatches and newspapers that were short on facts and heavy with ad hominem attacks. Wells began her essay, "Lynch Laws in America," with the observation: "Our country's national crime is lynching" (Wells 1). The world looks on and says it is well. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. Humiliating indeed, but altogether unanswerable, was the reply of the French press to our protest: Stop your lynchings at home before you send your protests abroad.. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. Ida B. Wells. In fact, for all kinds of offensesand, for no offensesfrom murders to misdemeanors, men and women are put to death without judge or jury; so that, although the political excuse was no longer necessary, the wholesale murder of human beings went on just the same. She became involved in local politics in Chicago and also with the nationwide drive for women's suffrage. The pamphlet was reprinted in 1893 and 1894. Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. If the leaders of the mob are so minded, coal-oil is poured over the body and the victim is then roasted to death. Lynchings were violent public acts that white people used to terrorize and control Black people in the 19th and 20th centuries . (University of Chicago Library) In 1892, journalist and editor Ida B. Retrieved March 01, 2023, from https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. But since the world has accepted this false and unjust statement, and the burden of proof has been placed upon the negro to vindicate his race, he is taking steps to do so. In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. Wells died she had faded from public view somewhat, and major newspapers did not note her passing. In support of its plans the Ku-Klux Klans, the red-shirt and similar organizations proceeded to beat, exile, and kill negroes until the purpose of their organization was accomplished and the supremacy of the unwritten law was effected. . The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Wo Equal Rights Amendment to the Federal Constitutio Better Baby Contest, Indiana State Fair, State of the Union Address Part IV (1911). Available in hard copy and for download. . Address at the National Negro Conference. In March 2018, as part of a project to highlight women who had been overlooked, the New York Times published a belated obituary of Ida B. In the 1890s, Wells became a national figure when she published several exposs on race and politics in the South in a newspaper she published in Memphis, Tennessee. These executions were often carried out by lawless mobs, though police officers did participate, under the pretext of justice. She was the eldest of eight children. Wells died on March 25, 1931. Our nation has been active and outspoken in its endeavors to right the wrongs of the Armenian Christian, the Russian Jew, the Irish Home Ruler, the native women of India, the Siberian exile, and the Cuban patriot. 2No offense stated, boy and girl.. 2 This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. At one point a newspaper she owned was burned by a white mob. In 1894 she returned to America and embarked on a speaking tour. It is not the cr eat ur e of an hour , the su dden out bur st of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Wells would fight for justice and equality in the African American community. 1. She Believed in Marriage and Family. No emergency called for lynch law. . 5 On December 22, 1886 . no matter'. . The Unsung Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement, Documents in Detail: "Against American Imperialism", Check out our collection of primary source readers. . If he showed a spirit of courageous manhood he was hanged for his pains, and the killing was justified by the declaration that he was a saucy nigger. Colored women have been murdered because they refused to tell the mobs where relatives could be found for lynching bees. Boys of fourteen years have been lynched by white representatives of American civilization. Her writings infuriated a portion of the citys white population, who ransacked the office of her newspaper. The second subsection presents Ida B. 2 M2 Discussion 4: Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy v. Ferguson is among the significant Supreme Court decisions that upheld racial segregation under the separate but equal doctrine. They were hanged . In Ida B. Wells' works Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases and A Red Record, Ida B. Of this number, 160 were of negro descent. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. Ida B. The Chicago Tribune, which publishes annually lynching statistics, is authority for the following: In 1892, when lynching reached high-water mark, there were 241 persons lynched. Civil Rights and Conflict in the United States: Selected Speeches (Lit2Go Edition). The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. Judge Lynch was original in methods but exceedingly effective in procedure. Ida B. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, The Red Record 11 likes Like "The miscegnation laws of the South only operate against the legitimate union of the races; they leave the white man free to seduce all the colored girls he can, but it is death to the colored man who yields to the force and advances of a similar attraction in white women. . What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. This is the work of the unwritten law about which so much is said, and in whose behest butchery is made a pastime and national savagery condoned. Naturally, they felt slight toleration for traitors in their own ranks. Four of them were lynched in New York, Ohio, and Kansas; the remainder were murdered in the South. Thus lynch law held sway in the far West until civilization spread into the Territories and the orderly processes of law took its place. In 1867, when Black men in Mississippi could vote for the first time, his white employer told him to vote for the Democrats, but again he refused. When Ida was young she was educated in a local school, though her education was interrupted when both her parents died in a yellow fever epidemic when she was 16. ThoughtCo. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. . Five of this number were females. Second: Crimes against women is the excuse . Letter to the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Lansings Memorandum of the Cabinet Meeting. Download Book Lynch Law In Georgia PDF. Two months earlier, her friend . Ida B. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). Wells lived everything that second and third-wave feminists claim to crow about, but she did it while still embracing being a woman, marriage, and motherhood. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. Harding and the Return to Normalcy (1920), Crystal Eastman, Now We Can Begin (1920), Marcus Garvey, Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (1921), Hiram Evans on the The Klans Fight for Americanism (1926), Herbert Hoover, Principles and Ideals of the United States Government (1928), Ellen Welles Page, A Flappers Appeal to Parents (1922), Huey P. Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). Although lynchings have steadily increased in number and barbarity during the last twenty years, there has been no single effort put forth by the many moral and philanthropic forces of the country to put a stop to this wholesale slaughter. The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. In 1892 there were 241 persons lynched. She began advocating for the Black citizens of Memphis to move to the West, and she urged boycotts of segregated streetcars. That gave an impetus to the hunt, and the Atlanta Constitutions reward of $500 keyed the mob to the necessary burning and roasting pitch. The detectives report showed that Hose killed Cranford, his employer, in self-defense, and that, while a mob was organizing to hunt Hose to punish him for killing a white man, not till twenty-four hours after the murder was the charge of rape, embellished with psychological and physical impossibilities, circulated. The Problem of Japan: A Japanese Liberal's View. . The United States already has paid in indemnities for lynching nearly a half million dollars, as follows: Paid China for Rock Springs (Wyo.) This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. They had no time to give the prisoner a bill of exception or stay of execution. With all the powers of government in control; with all laws made by white men, administered by white judges, jurors, prosecuting attorneys, and sheriffs; with every office of the executive department filled by white menno excuse can be offered for exchanging the orderly administration of justice for barbarous lynchings and unwritten laws. Our country should be placed speedily above the plane of confessing herself a failure at self-government. Lawlessness permeated the nation, allowing for lynching. [T]hey publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. A Negro woman, Lou Stevens, was hanged from a railway bridge in Hollendale, Mississippi, in 1892. She utilized her journalistic capacity and position as author to spread her message of dissention against lynching and the unfair prosecution and deaths of African Americans. "African American Perspectives" gives a panoramic and eclectic review of African American history and culture and is primarily comprised of two collections in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division: the African American Pamphlet Collection and the Daniel A.P. Wells was the most prominent anti-lynching campaigner in the United States. She was, of course, attacked for that at home. Author Wells Barnett Ida B 1862 1931 LoC No 91898209 Title Lynch Law in Georgia Language English LoC Class E660 History America Late nineteenth century 1865 1900 Subject Hose Sam 1875 1899 Subject Strickland Elijah Subject Lynching Georgia Subject Af . There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. 1900. She refused and was forcibly removed from the train. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Finally, for love of country. Wells in Chicago, Illinois, January, 1900. Wells-Barnett, Ida B, et al. Over one hundred have been lynched in this half year. Ida B. Wells-Barnett From "Lynch Law in America." Born a slave in Mississippi in 1862 a few months before the Emancipation Proclamation, Wells began writing for Memphis newspapers in her twenties. On Feb. 13, 1893, Wells delivered a scathing rebuke of lynching in front of a mostly white and angry audience at Boston's Tremont Temple. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. Here's part of her speech, including the opening: "I am before the American people to day through no inclination of my own, but because of a deep seated conviction that the country at large does not . The campaign Ida B. A Speech at the Unveiling of the Robert Gould Shaw "Of Booker T. Washington and Others," from The Sou "The Author and Signers of the Declaration", State of the Union Address Part II (1912), State of the Union Address Part III (1912), Chapter 19: The Progressive Era: Eugenics. Print friendly. Speeches. London :"Lux" Newspaper and Pub. 1) True crime of lynching = public acceptance. Wells Additional Information Year Published: 1900 Language: English Country of Origin: United States of America Source: Wells, I. The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Wo Equal Rights Amendment to the Federal Constitutio Better Baby Contest, Indiana State Fair, State of the Union Address Part IV (1911). The six remaining Wells children were orphaned, and Ida "suddenly found myself head of a . Collection gutenberg Contributor Project Gutenberg Language The Negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. Lynch Law in America Civil Rights Movement Domestic Policy Gender Gender and Equality Personal Race and Equality Social Reform by Ida B. Wells-Barnett January, 1900 Cite Free Study Questions No study questions Introduction Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 15-24. Those were busy days of busy men. Lynch law in Georgia: a six-weeks' record in the center of southern civilization, as faithfully chronicled by the "Atlanta journal" and the "Atlanta constitution": also the full report of Louis P. Le Vin, the Chicago detective sent to investigate the burning of Samuel Hose, the torture and hanging of Elijah . The charges for which they were lynched cover a wide range. Instead of lynchings being caused by assaults upon women, the statistics show that not one-third of the victims of lynchings are even charged with such crimes. Primary Source: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born a slave in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. This document was downloaded from Lit2Go, a free online collection of stories and poems in Mp3 (audiobook) format published by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology. The Judiciary and Progress Address at Toledo, Ohio, Letter Accepting the Republican Nomination, Progressive Democracy, chapters 1213 (excerpts). Wells moved from Memphis to Brooklyn. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one southern state after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. Murray Collection with a date range of 1822 through 1909. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. Wells' uses many strategies and techniques to make her arguments as convincing as possible throughout her works. . The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. That given, he will abide the result. His fourteen-year-old daughter and sixteen-year-old son were hanged and their bodies filled with bullets ; then the father was also lynched. Ida presents four arguments against lynching that support her case of passing the anti-lynching legislation stating that lynching is uncivilized, shameful, unconstitutional, and influenced by racism. If the leaders of the mob are so minded, coal-oil is poured over the body and the victim is then roasted to death. For more information, including classroom activities, readability data, and original sources, please visit https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/185/civil-rights-and-conflict-in-the-united-states-selected-speeches/4375/speech-on-lynch-law-in-america-given-by-ida-b-wells-in-chicago-illinois-january-1900/. If caught he was promptly tried, and if found guilty was hanged to the tree under which the court convened. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918) Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper" (1913) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890) Rose Cohen on the World Beyond her Immigrant Neighborhood (ca.1897/1918) 19. Source: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Lynch Law in America, The Arena 23 (January 1900), 15-24. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a teacher, activist, and journalist who worked tirelessly from the late 1890s to document and fight against lynching throughout the United States. 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