Died3 February 1399 (aged 58) John of Gaunt dines with John I of Portugal, to discuss a joint Anglo-Portuguese invasion of Castile (from Jean de Wavrin's Chronique d'Angleterre). 13711388 John of Gaunt: key dates & facts Born: March 1340, Abbey of Saint Bavon in Ghent Died: 3 February 1399, Leicester, age 58 Parents: King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Known for: Third surviving son of King Edward III, and a commander in the Hundred Years' War. By Katherine Swynford (ne de Roet/Roelt), mistress and later wife (children legitimised 1397): He died in 1387 after six years of marriage. Through John II of Castile's great-granddaughter Joanna the Mad, John of Gaunt is also an ancestor of the Habsburg rulers who would reign in Spain and much of central Europe.John of Gaunt's eldest son and heir, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, the son of his first wife Blanche of Lancaster, was exiled for ten years by King Richard II in 1398 as resolution to a dispute between Henry and Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. From the eldest son, John, descended a granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, whose son, later King Henry VII of England, would nevertheless claim the throne.Queen Elizabeth II and her predecessors since Henry IV are descended from John of Gaunt.ChildrenBy Blanche of LancasterPhilippa (1360-1415) married King John I of Portugal (1357-1433).John (1362-1365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short lived boy called John in 1366. Spouse ISBN 0198201745. The armour is believed by experts to have been made c.1540 in Germany, and did not enter the Tower's collection until the early 17th century. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster The third surviving son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault John of Gaunt was born in 1340 at the Abbey of St Bavon, in Ghent in modern-day Belgium. Henry IV of England (13671413) married (1) Mary de Bohun (13691394); (2) Joanna of Navarre (13681437) Though John was never able to make good his claim, his daughter by Constance, Catherine of Lancaster, became Queen of Castile by marrying Henry III of Castile. In 1399, Henry of Bolingbroke returned to England and overthrew Richard II, becoming the first Lancastrian king, as Henry IV. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. By Marie de St. Hilaire of Hainaut, mistress: However he did not immediately return to the province, but remained in England and mainly ruled through seneschals as an absentee Duke. British author, philosopher, and statesman. The English destroyed the shipping in St. Malo harbour and began to assault the town by land on 14 August, but John was soon hampered by the size of his army, which was unable to forage because French armies under Olivier de Clisson and Bertrand du Guesclin occupied the surrounding countryside, harrying the edges of his force. (1) 99 ISBN 0 002551284 New creationDuke of Lancaster 9.1 Arms Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter Constance died in 1394.During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow Katherine Swynford (whose sister Philippa de Roet was married to Chaucer). 10 In popular culture Unlike some of Richard's unpopular advisors, John was away from London at the time of the uprising and thus avoided the direct wrath of the rebels.In 1386 John left England to seek the throne of Castile, claimed in Jure uxoris by right of his second wife, Constance of Castile, whom he had married in 1371. 12 Bibliography During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. They moved to Boston in 1655 where he was a merchant. The attack on London came from rebels from Kent and Essex, but Gaunts property, the Savoy Palace, was destroyed by mostly London rebels, from inside the City: enemies he had acquired years before the revolt. The etching includes a number of inaccuracies, for example in not showing the couple with joined hands. Catherine, Queen of Castile 2 Military commander in France 'Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster' John of Gaunt (1340-1399) was the son of one king and the father of another. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third of four surviving sons of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. A retrospective portrait commissioned in c.1593 by Sir Edward Hoby for Queenborough Castle, Kent, probably modelled on Gaunt's tomb effigy. This approach led indirectly to the Anglo-French Congress of Bruges in 137477, which resulted in a short-lived truce between the two sides. This was moved and now adorns the entrance through the east bail of Lincoln Castle. The queen, his mother, had been left at Ghent during the king's temporary absence in England, in the interval between the two campaigns against France of 1339 and 1340. aged 58years old. Let's learn more about them and find out if they are a part of your family story! Despite rumours of his ill intent and personal ambition to rule England in place of Richard, John of Gaunt remained loyal to the interests of his brother, and subsequently his nephew, for the rest of his life. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster was a son of an English king. He was deposed as Marquess of Dorset and Somerset on 3 November 1399. He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro the Cruel. ^ Jump up to: a b G.E. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster External links[edit] He was the wealthiest, most powerful and most hated man in England for decades. Constance died in 1394. ISBN 0582098130. Church Monuments 25: 735. He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro the Cruel. His other legitimate descendants included, by his first wife, Blanche, his daughters Queen Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter; and by his second wife, Constance, his daughter Queen Catherine of Castile. Institute of Historical Research. It was around a month later that Gaunt built a shrine at Knaresborough in North Yorkshire to Saint Katherine, probably a mark of love and respect for the woman he could not marry. President Trump is a descendant of Hakon's only legitimate daughter, Duchess Ingibjrg Hkonardttir (Ingebjrg Hkonsdatter) who by marriage became a Swedish princess and was the mother of King Magnus of Norway and Sweden. Preceded by 7 Family One year later, Gaunt styled himself King of Castile and Len, formally changing his coat of arms by right of his wife. Chaucer married Philippa (Pan) de Roet in 1366, and Lancaster took his mistress of nearly 30 years, Katherine Swynford (de Roet), who was Philippa Chaucer's sister, as his third wife in 1396. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent (in modern Belgium), Gaunt in . John I of Castilede facto King of Galicia In September the siege was simply abandoned and the army returned ingloriously to England. Elizabeth (13641426), married (1) in 1380 John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (13721389), annulled 1383; married (2) in 1386 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (13501400); (3) Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke (d. 1443) View famous kin of John of Gaunt 2nd Great-grandfather of Elizabeth of York 5th Generation Ahnentafel No: 22 Father: Edward III, King of England Mother: Philippa of Hainault Birth Date: 6 Mar 1340 Birth Location: Ghent, Belgium Christening Date: Christening Location: Death Date: 3 Feb 1399 Blanche was the daughter of John's mistress, Marie de St. Hilaire of Hainaut (1340-after 1399), who was a lady-in-waiting to his mother, Queen Philippa. It was a terrible and painful end for the young man. Katherine Swynford The children of Katherine Swynford, surnamed "Beaufort," were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married in 1396. Parliament Rolls of Medieval England. From August to October, John of Gaunt set up a rudimentary court and chancery at Ourense and received the submission of the Galician nobility and most of the towns of Galicia, though they made their homage to him conditional on his being recognised as king by the rest of Castile. All of them were born out of wedlock, but legitimized upon their parents' eventual marriage. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. However, in his absence crisis ensued almost immediately, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Franklin D. Roosevelt, after taking office in 1932, had quickly secured a first level of acceptance for his New Deal Programs, built largely at the beginning through his charismatic personality and the appealing personal outreach of his . His other legitimate descendants include his daughters Queen Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter (by his first wife Blanche of Lancaster), and Queen Catherine of Castile (by his second wife Constance of Castile). The romance novel Almost Innocent by Jane Feather tells the story of a possibly fictitious illegitimate daughter of John of Gaunt, and contains much history and vivid description of John and of royal life. It may be that he felt he had to maintain this posture of loyalty to protect his son Henry Bolingbroke (the future Henry IV), who had also been one of the Lords Appellant, from Richard's wrath; but in 1398 Richard had Bolingbroke exiled, and on John of Gaunt's death the next year he disinherited Bolingbroke completely, seizing Gaunt's vast estates for the Crown. Blanche was the daughter of John's mistress, Marie de St. Hilaire of Hainaut (1340-after 1399), who was a lady-in-waiting to his mother, Queen Philippa. My body to be buried in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, of London, near the principal altar, beside my most dear late wife Blanch, who is there interred. She was the eldest daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and 4th son of Edward III, and his first wife Blanche of Lancaster, great-great-granddaughter of Henry III. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). At the appropriately named site of Gaunt Street, he maintained a palace, remains of which were found in the late 1960s. The campaign (AprilJune 1387) was an ignominious failure. Rupert Brooke, Thoughts on the Shape of the Human Body . The final years of Gaunts life were spent securing his dynasty and the welfare of his family, and trying to keep the peace in the realm. In faith of which I have placed hereto the seal of my arms, and also my own signet, which I always carry myself, in the presence of the following witnesses: Maistre John Kenyngham, Doctor in Theology; Sir John Newton, Parson of the Church of Burbach; Sir Walter Piers, Parson of the Church of Wymondham; William Harpeden, and Robert Symeon, Esquires; and by John de Bynbrok, of the Diocese of Lincoln, Notary. Visitors to this group are welcome to use the information found here to help them . [25] He was buried at the Church of St Mary de Castro, Leicester. John of Gaunt was also called the earl of Richmond or the duc d'Aquitaine. 13861387Succeeded by John of Gaunt (1340-1399) Prev Generation | John of Gaunt William I, King of England View famous kin of William I, King of England 7th Great-grandfather of John of Gaunt 10th Generation Ahnentafel No: 516 Father: Robert I of Normandy Mother: Herleve of Falaise Birth Date: ABT 1025 Birth Location: Falaise, Normandy, France Christening Date: Gaunt and Katherines relationship was public knowledge and Katherine spent considerable time with Gaunt in the 1370s after he employed her in his service as the maistresse (a type of governess) to his daughters Philippa and Elizabeth. The Duke of BrittanyEarl of Richmond If I die out of London I desire that the night my body arrives there, that it be carried direct to the Friars Carmelites in Fleet Street, and the next day taken strait to St. Paul's, and that it be not buried for forty days, during which I charge my executors that there be no cering or embalming my corpse; I will that my executors pay all my debts, excepting the debts for the army, which my beloved brother the Duke of York incurred in Portugal, of which before God and all the world I hold myself free; I desire that chauntries and obits be founded for the souls of my late dear wives Blanch and Constance, whom God pardon; to the said altar of St. Paul's my vestment of satin embroidered, which I bought of Courtnay, embroider at London, certain lands and tenements in London, of which the reversion is purchased, rendering xx marks a year to Dame Katherine del Staple for her life, and I desire that during her life she be paid out of the rents of the Manor of Bernoldwyk, in the county of York; to the prisons of Newgate and Ludgate, in London C marks, to be divided between them; to my most dear wife Katherine, my two best nouches which I have, excepting that which I have allowed to my Lord and nephew the King, and my large cup of gold which the Earl of Wilts gave to the King my Lord, and which he gave me on my going into Guienne, together with all the buckles, rings, diamonds, rubies, and other things, that will be found in a little box of cypress wood, of which I carry the key myself, and all the robes which I bought of my dear cousin the Duchess of Norfolk, also my large bed of black velvet, embroidered with a circle of fetter-locks, and garters, all the beds made for my body called in England "trussing beds," my best stay with a good ruby, my best collar, all which my said wife had before her marriage with me, also all the goods and jewels which I had given her since my marriage; to my Lord and nephew the King the best nouche which I have on the day of my death, my best cup of gold which my dear wife Katherine gave me on New Year's Day last, my gold saltcellar with a garter, and the piece of arras which the Duke of Bourgoyne gave me when I was at Calais; to my dear brother the Duke of York, a gold cup and cover; to my dear son Henry, Duke of Hereford, Earl of Derby, two of the best pieces of arras, one of which was given me by my Lord and nephew the King, and the other by my dear brother the Duke of Gloucester, whom God pardon, when I lately returned from Spain, also a chain of gold of the old manner, with the name of God in each part, which my most honored Lady and mother the Queen, whom God pardon, gave me, commanding me to preserve it, with her blessing, and I desire that he will keep it with the blessing of God and mine; to my dear daughter Philippa, Queen of Portugal, my second best stay of gold, and a gold cup and cover; to my dear daughter Katherine, Queen of Castile and Leon, a gold cup and cover; to my dear daughter Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter, my white bed of silk, with blue eagles displayed, and my best nouche after those before given; to my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, a dozen saucers, &c.; to the Reverend Father in God and my dear son the Bishop of Lincoln, a dozen saucers, &c. and my missal, and my portheus, which belonged to my Lord and brother the Prince of Wales, whom God preserve; to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, their brother, a dozen saucers, &c.; to my dear daughter, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland and Lady of Nevil, a silk bed, and a cup and cover of gold; to my dear Henry, eldest son of my dear son the Duke of Hereford, a gold cup; to my dear son John, brother to the said Henry, a gold cup; after all my debts are paid, and restitution made to all who have been injured by me or my servants, on my account, I desire that my executor pay to the Minister of Bury one thousand pounds; to my said wife Katherine two thousand pounds; to my said son the Duke of Hereford one thousand pounds; to my said son the Marquis one thousand pounds; to my said son Thomas Beaufort one thousand marks; "a mon tres chere bachelier" Monsr. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Many hundreds of English, including close friends and retainers of John of Gaunt, died of disease or exhaustion. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married in 1396; a later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate (except royal status), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. Although Philippa died c. 1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by Katherine - John, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufort - were Chaucer's nephews and niece.On 19 May 1359 at Reading Abbey, John married his third cousin, Blanche of Lancaster, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He did not even protest, it seems, when his younger brother Thomas was murdered at Richard's behest. Nominally friendly lords and even his own fortresses closed their gates to him, and John was forced to flee into Scotland with a handful of retainers and throw himself on the charity of the Scottish King Robert II until the crisis was over. Catherine of Lancaster, Gaunts daughter by Constance, married into the Castilian royal family and became Queen Regent of Castile. Coat of Arms of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster Gaunt is an anglicized version of his birthplace of Ghent. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), p. 274. 13621399Succeeded by Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years later. In addition to his royal arms, Gaunt bore an alternative coat of Sable, three ostrich feathers ermine. His brothers were: Edward, Prince of Wales - the Black Prince. [14] Opposite the Palace site, stands St Mary's Guildhall, locally known as John O'Gaunt's stables. He was the immediate ancestor of the three 15th-century Lancastrian monarchs, Henry IV, V, and VI. However, their marriage was dramatically cut short when Blanche died in September 1368, probably due to complications from childbirth having recently given birth to a new baby, Isabel, who also did not survive. You can unsubscribe at any time. Katherine Swynford was the former chamber servant of Duchess Blanche. When Peter Gaunt was born on 8 December 1608, in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England, his father, Thomas Gaunt, was 37 and his mother, Isabell Wheelwright, was 27. From the eldest son, John, descended a granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, whose son, later King Henry VII of England, would nevertheless claim the throne. Jump up ^ Harris (2010), p. 16. The tomb of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster in St. Paul's Cathedral, as represented in an etching of 1658 by Wenceslaus Hollar. Though Gaunt is considered for posterity as an unpopular figure, this was largely only within London-centric circles. London: Harper Collins, 1997. [3] Henry Bolingbroke returned from exile to reclaim his inheritance and depose Richard. Earl of Lancaster Part VII: Photography in the Farm Security Administration Project. Here are 10 facts about the royal ancestor, John of Gaunt. Major children and living persons must directly contact the, Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1), Relationship with Blanche Of Lancaster (spouse), Relationship with Princess Constanza Of Castile (spouse), Relationship with Katherine Roet Swynford (spouse), Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1, List of all individuals in the family tree, Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke Of Gloucester, http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT6/R2/CP40no541a/aCP40no541afronts/IMG_0140.htm, {{ 'gw_downgraded_access_back_to_max'|translate }}, Born 24June1340 - Ghent, Flanders, Belgium, Deceased 3February1399 - Leicester Castle, England, John of Gaunt, the fourth son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, was born at St Bavo's Abbey, Ghent, on 6th March 1340. Prior to her widowhood, Katherine had borne at least two, possibly three, children to Lancastrian knight Sir Hugh Swynford. Rodger. 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